π
TAXES
β’ Klinotaxis:
β Definition: Zig-zag / undulating movement by comparing stimulus intensity on two sides of body
β Mechanism:
- β’Body bends right + left toward stimulus
- β’Movement continues until receptors of both sides are equally stimulated
- β’Seen in organisms with receptors but without well-developed sense organs
β Examples:
- β’Euglena
- β’Planaria
- β’Earthworm
β’ Tropotaxis:
β Definition: Orientation of bilaterally symmetrical animal straight toward stimulus
β Mechanism:
- β’Both receptors / eyes equally stimulated
- β’Body turns directly toward stimulus
β Examples:
- β’Argulus / fish louse
- β’Planaria
- β’Grayling butterfly
β Special Point:
- β’Grayling butterflies orient toward sun β
- β’Both eyes equally stimulated β straight movement
- β’One eye blinded β circular movement
β’ Telotaxis:
β Definition: When 2 stimuli of same intensity act together, animal orients toward any one stimulus, not intermediate
β Examples:
- β’Honey bees going for foraging in morning
- β’Dragonfly orientation toward prey
β’ Menotaxis:
β Definition: Orientation of body at constant angle to source of stimulus
β Synonym: Light compass response
β Examples:
- β’Ants
- β’Honeybee
β’ Mnemotaxis:
β Definition: Orientation depending on complex stimuli / memory cues
β Stimuli:
- β’Direction
- β’Landmarks
- β’Chemical trail
β Special Point: Removal of landmark β path changes while returning to nest
β Example: Hunting wasps
β’ Comparison Table:
Table 1: Types of Taxes
Type | Main idea | Key word | Examples |
|---|---|---|---|
Klinotaxis | Zig-zag movement by comparing stimulus on two sides | Receptor comparison | Euglena, Planaria, Earthworm |
Tropotaxis | Straight orientation toward stimulus | Bilateral equal stimulation | Argulus, Planaria, Grayling butterfly |
Telotaxis | Chooses one stimulus among two equal stimuli | One target selection | Honey bee, Dragonfly |
Menotaxis | Constant angle to stimulus | Compass response | Ants, Honeybee |
Mnemotaxis | Orientation by memory / complex cues | Landmark memory | Hunting wasps |
β’ High-Yield Recall:
Table 1: Taxes One-Liners
Fact | Answer |
|---|---|
Zig-zag movement | Klinotaxis |
Movement by comparing 2 sides of body | Klinotaxis |
Straight orientation toward stimulus | Tropotaxis |
One eye blind β circular movement | Tropotaxis |
2 equal stimuli β chooses one | Telotaxis |
Honey bee foraging in morning | Telotaxis |
Dragonfly toward prey | Telotaxis |
Constant angle to stimulus | Menotaxis |
Light compass response | Menotaxis |
Orientation by landmarks / chemical trail | Mnemotaxis |
Landmark removal changes path | Mnemotaxis |
Q1.
The presence of beak is characteristic of
π
MOE 2008
Q2.
One of the following is not a character of scansorial adaptation
π
MOE 2063
Q3.
Animals capable for digging are
π
MOE 2063
Q4.
Scansorial adaptation means
π
MOE 2062
Q5.
Amphibian adaptation is found in
π
MOE 2061
Q6.
Snake has adaptation
π
MOE 2061
Q7.
Prehensile tail is found in
π
MOE 2003
Q8.
Animal having long and hooked claw is adapted for which adaptation?
π
MOE 2003
Q9.
Which of the following is not one of the bird adaptations to flight?
π
MOE 2058
Q10.
Parasites normally possess well-developed
π
MOE 2058
Q11.
Aerial mode of animal adaptation is known as
π
IOM 2006
Q12.
Claw of rabbit is a modification of
π
IOM 2005
Q13.
Some animals change their colour according to climate. This is due to presence of
Q14.
Animals capable for running on digits are
π
IOE 2003
Q15.
In ecological sense, the desert animals are termed as
π
MOE 2062
Q16.
Lateral line organs are found in
π
IOM 2002
Q17.
A mass of cells is introduced into wings of embryo of bee to fix. Then
π
BPKIHS 2002
Q18.
Which is correct?
π
BPKIHS 2002
Q19.
Regeneration of limbs in amphibians involves
π
BPKIHS 2006
Q20.
Response of organisms to stimulus of touch is called
π
IOM 2006β’IOM 2005
Q21.
Irritability is characteristic of
π
MOE 2000
Q22.
Tangoreceptors are
π
MOE 2068
Q23.
Salmon fish is
π
IE 2004
Q24.
Response toward current is
π
MOE 2021
Q25.
Migratory fishes whose migration is limited only within fresh water for breeding are called
π
BPKIHS 2004
Q26.
Fish migrating from sea water to fresh water for breeding is called
π
IOM 2013
Q27.
Fish Hilsa migrating towards north in spring and south in winter is
π
MOE 2014
Q28.
Syndactyly or zygodactyly in foot are adaptive features of
π
MOE 2014
Q29.
Phenomenon of industrial melanism demonstrates
π
MOE 2014
Q30.
Which of the following is not a reflex?
π
MOE 2014
Q31.
Spindle-shaped body with pneumatic bones is characteristic feature of
π
MOE 2014
Q32.
Successful adaptation means
π
MOE 2019
Q33.
Migration of birds from higher mountains to the plain lands of Terai in Nepal is
π
MOE 2012
Q34.
Dominance and leadership found in animal communities are
π
MOE 2012
Q35.
Air-sacs are modifications of
π
MOE 2012
Q36.
Which of the following adaptive mechanism does not belong to stereotyped inherited behaviour?
Q37.
An example of homeostasis is
Q38.
Reflex action is quick compared to normal action because transmission of normal action occurs through
Q39.
Euglena shows
Q40.
Euglena bends its body right and left to test the intensity of light. It is an example of
Q41.
Sideways orientation of organisms until receptors of two sides are equally stimulated is called
Q42.
Planarians show
Q43.
Flower visit by honey bee is known as
Q44.
Animals orient their body at a constant angle to the stimulus is known as
Q45.
Menotaxis is shown by
Q46.
Orientation depending upon complex stimuli where removal of any one stimulus may disturb the path is called
Q47.
Leadership is regarded as
Q48.
In most of the fishes, migration is for
Q49.
An example of non-migratory fish is
Q50.
Fishes which are migratory but not for the purpose of breeding are
Q51.
Many Siberian birds show
Q52.
Adaptation for flying is known as
Q53.
Digits are reduced or absent in
Q54.
Which animal has both lung and gill for respiration?
Q55.
Shortening of neck best fits to
Q56.
Desert adaptation is found in
Q57.
Which of the following exhibits secondary aquatic adaptation?
Q58.
Animals adapted for feeding on blood are said to have adaptation
Q59.
Terrestrial form changing to aquatic form is
Q60.
Kangaroo shows
Q61.
Adaptation for jumping is known as
Q62.
External ear is reduced in
Q63.
Streamlined body is an adaptational feature for
Q64.
Lateral line sense organs are found in
Q65.
Osmoregulation is more important in
Q66.
Swim bladder is found in fishes and is
Q67.
Lateral line sense organs possess
Q68.
Fishes locomote by means of
Q69.
Turtles show
Q70.
Limb modified into flipper is found in
Q71.
Integument without hair and oil glands is related to
Q72.
Muscles of hind limbs are highly developed and stronger in
Q73.
Prehensile tail helps in
Q74.
Mimicry is one of the adaptational features in
Q75.
Presence of highly mobile neck is a feature of
Q76.
Brain has enlarged optic lobes for acute vision in
Q77.
Extremely fused vertebrae, synsacrum, is found in
Q78.
Greatly enlarged eyelids are one of the adaptational features for
Q79.
Which of the following excretes highly toxic excretion?
Q80.
Urinary bladder is absent in
Q81.
Pectoral girdle is well developed than pelvic girdle in
Q82.
Body surface is covered with horny scales in
Q83.
In birds, change in direction during flight is caused by
Q84.
Bats show
Q85.
Rhacophorus is also known as
Q86.
Claws and adhesive pads help in
Q87.
Marsupials show
Q88.
Study of animal behaviour is termed
Q89.
Adaptive change in animal behaviour as a result of previous experience is called
Q90.
Bee dancing is
Q91.
Compass response to the stimulus of light is also called
Q92.
Fresh water migratory fishes are called
Q93.
Carp and trout fishes are
Q94.
Fishes that migrate from fresh water to sea for breeding are called
Q95.
Cuckoo is
Q96.
Latitudinal migration of birds occurs from
Q97.
Long distance seasonal migrations are most common in
Q98.
Most sedentary birds do not migrate because
Q99.
Anadromous means
Q100.
Seasonal movements of animals from one definite place of residence to another are called
Q101.
The building of a web by a spider is an example of
Q102.
The experimental animal used by Pavlov for studying conditioned reflex was
Q103.
Response of living organism to any specific stimulus is called
Q104.
The way an organism responds to stimuli in its environment is called
Q105.
When an animal turns sideways to the sun to get maximum amount of sun on its flanks, this is an example of
Q106.
The modification of behaviour as a result of experience is called