12Honey bee and Silk moth

πŸ“š
HONEY BEE, HUMAN LOUSE, TERMITE AND SILK MOTH
β–’ Honey Bee:
❖ Scientific Name: Apis indica
❖ Nature: Colonial, social and polymorphic insect
❖ Social Feature: Shows division of labour
❖ Colony Size: About 60,000 individuals
❖ Castes:

Table 1: Castes of Honey Bee

Caste
Nature
Origin
Important Features
Queen
Single fertile female
Fertilized egg
Has sting; smooth ovipositor; controls colony
Workers
Sterile females; 97–98%
Fertilized eggs
Have sting, salivary glands and wax glands
Drones
Fertile males; 2–3%
Unfertilized eggs by parthenogenesis
No sting
❖ Species:

Table 1: Important Species

Species
Common Name
Apis mellifera
European bee
Apis indica
Indian bee
❖ Apiculture: Culture / rearing of honey bee
❖ Mouth Parts: Chewing and lapping type
❖ Food: Nectar and pollen
❖ Pollen Brush: Group of stiff bristles present on tibia of metathoracic leg
❖ Pollen Basket: Depression on outer surface of tibia of metathoracic leg
❖ Wax Gland: Present on ventral side of abdomen of workers
❖ Honey Storage: Honey is collected inside cells of comb
❖ Royal Jelly: Secreted by workers; formed from digested honey, pollen and maxillary gland secretion
❖ Arrhenotoky: Haploid parthenogenesis in honey bee producing male drones
❖ Larva: Grub
❖ Sting: Characteristic of queen bee
β–’ Worker Bees:

Table 1: Age-based Types of Worker Bees

Age Group
Type
Work
1–3 days
Sanitary / scavenger bees
Cleaning
4–15 days
Nurse bees
Forming royal jelly
4–15 days
Builder bees
Defending colony
4–15 days
Fanning bees
Fanning queen and aerating colony
16 days and more
Scout bees
Searching new source of food
16 days and more
Foraging bees
Collection of food
β–’ Bee Dance:
❖ Recognition: Recognized by Ernst Spytzner
❖ Nobel Prize: Karl von Frisch received Nobel Prize for studying dance in bees

Table 1: Types of Bee Dance

Dance
Indication
Round dance
Food source less than 75 m; direction not indicated
Waggle dance
Food source more than 75 m; direction indicated
β–’ Sex Determination in Honey Bee:

Table 1: Egg Type and Development

Egg Type
Chromosome Number
Develops Into
Fertilized egg
32 chromosomes
Queen / worker
Unfertilized egg
16 chromosomes
Drone
β–’ Pediculus:
❖ Common Name: Human louse
❖ Species: Pediculus humanus
❖ Habit: Human ectoparasite
❖ Body: Flattened, elongated and wingless
❖ Mouth Parts: Piercing and sucking type
❖ Body Division: Head, thorax and abdomen
❖ Head Bears:
  • β€’
    One pair compound eyes
  • β€’
    One pair 5-segmented antennae
❖ Abdomen: 9 segments
β–’ Termite:
❖ Nature: Injurious colonial, social and polymorphic insect
❖ Social Feature: Shows division of labour
❖ Home: Termitarium / termite hills
❖ Castes:
  • β€’
    Kings
  • β€’
    Queens
  • β€’
    Workers
  • β€’
    Soldiers
❖ Queen: Has prominent and extended abdomen; called egg-laying machine
❖ Trichonympha: Flagellate protozoan present in gut of termite; digests cellulose by symbiosis
❖ Food Use: Termites are used as food in some parts of world
β–’ Silk Moth:
❖ Silk Producer: Silk moth
❖ Rearing: Sericulture
❖ Common Species: Bombyx mori = common mulberry silk worm
❖ Male: Dies after fertilization
❖ Female: Dies after laying eggs
❖ Feeding Stage: Larval stage / caterpillar
❖ Silk Gland: Salivary / labial glands modified into silk glands
❖ Silk Secretion: Liquid silk secreted by silk glands
❖ Silk Extraction: Silk obtained from cocoon / pupa by boiling in hot water
❖ Natural Silk: Contains nitrogen
❖ Silk Proteins:
  • β€’
    Fibroin
  • β€’
    Sericin
β–’ High-Yield Points:

Table 1: Must Remember

Question Clue
Answer
Scientific name of Indian honey bee
Apis indica
Culture of honey bee
Apiculture
Male honey bee
Drone
Honey bee larva
Grub
Haploid parthenogenesis in honey bee
Arrhenotoky
Food source less than 75 m
Round dance
Food source more than 75 m
Waggle dance
Human louse
Pediculus humanus
Termite home
Termitarium
Protozoan in termite gut
Trichonympha
Rearing of silk worm
Sericulture
Common mulberry silk worm
Bombyx mori
Feeding stage of silk moth
Caterpillar
Silk proteins
Fibroin and sericin
Q1.
The scientific name of Indian honey bee is
Q2.
Honey bees are
Q3.
A colony of honey bee mainly consists of
Q4.
The queen bee is
Q5.
Worker bees are
Q6.
Drone bee is
Q7.
In honey bee, haploid parthenogenesis is called
Q8.
Culture or rearing of honey bee is called
Q9.
Mouth parts of honey bee are
Q10.
Pollen basket in honey bee is present on
Q11.
Royal jelly is secreted by
Q12.
The larva of honey bee is called
Q13.
Round dance in honey bee indicates food source
Q14.
Waggle dance in honey bee indicates food source
Q15.
Karl von Frisch is associated with the study of
Q16.
Unfertilized egg of honey bee develops into
Q17.
Fertilized egg of honey bee may develop into
Q18.
The scientific name of human louse is
Q19.
Human louse has
Q20.
The body of Pediculus is
Q21.
The home of termites is called
Q22.
Which protozoan helps termite digest cellulose?
Q23.
The queen termite is called an egg-laying machine because it has
Q24.
Rearing of silkworm is called
Q25.
Common mulberry silkworm is
Q26.
The feeding stage of silkworm is
Q27.
Silk glands of silkworm are modified
Q28.
Silk is obtained from cocoon by
Q29.
Silk thread is formed mainly of