34Nervous system

πŸ“š
MENINGES

Table 1: Meninges

Layer
Nature
Space
Fluid / Note
Duramater
Tough fibrous collagen layer
Subdural space
Serous fluid
Arachnoid mater
Delicate avascular layer
Subarachnoid space
C.S.F.
Pia mater
Delicate highly vascular layer
Closely applied to CNS
Vascular covering
β–’ Duramater:

Table 1: Duramater

Part / Space
Point
Epidural space
Absent
Outer endosteal layer
Outer layer
Inner meningeal layer
Inner layer
Subdural space
Filled with serous fluid
β–’ Arachnoid Mater:
❖ Subarachnoid Space: Filled with C.S.F.
β–’ Pia Mater: Highly vascular delicate meninx
πŸ“š
BRAIN
β–’ Forebrain / Prosencephalon:
❖ Telencephalon:
β—‰ Ventricle: Paracoel / lateral ventricles / 1st + 2nd ventricles
β—‰ Cerebrum:
β—ˆ Gyri & Sulci:
β–  Importance: Highly developed in human β†’ ↑ intelligence

Table 1: Gyri, Sulci & Fissures

Structure
Meaning
Point
Gyri / Gyrus
Ridges / elevations
Cerebral cortex folding
Sulci / Sulcus
Grooves / depressions
Separate cortical areas
Fissure
Deep sulcus
Major separation groove

Table 2: Important Sulci

Sulcus
Separation
Central sulcus
Frontal lobe ↔ Parietal lobe
Lateral sulcus / Sylvian sulcus
Temporal lobe ↔ Frontal + Parietal lobes
Parieto-occipital sulcus
Occipital lobe ↔ Parietal lobe

Table 3: Important Fissures

Fissure
Position / Separation
Medial / Longitudinal fissure
Between 2 cerebral hemispheres
Transverse fissure
Cerebrum ↔ Cerebellum
β—ˆ Tracts:

Table 1: Cerebral Tracts

Tract
Connection
Association tracts
Gyri ↔ gyri in same cerebral hemisphere
Commissural tracts
Gyri of one hemisphere ↔ corresponding gyri of opposite hemisphere
Projection tracts
Cerebrum ↔ lower CNS parts: thalamus / brainstem / spinal cord
β–  Commissures:

Table 1: Commissural Tracts

Commissure
Point
Corpus callosum
Largest commissure; connects right + left cerebral hemispheres; mammalian feature
Anterior commissure
Commissural fibre bundle
Posterior commissure
Commissural fibre bundle
● Corpus Callosum:
⟣ Ventricle Relation: Pseudocoel / \(5^{th}\) ventricle
⟣ Parts:
  1. Genu β†’ anterior
  2. Fornix / body
  3. Splenium β†’ posterior
β—ˆ Lobes of Cerebral Hemisphere:

Table 1: Cerebral Lobes

Lobe
Position
Main association
Frontal lobe
Anterior
Motor + executive functions
Parietal lobe
Middle
Somatosensory functions
Temporal lobe
Lateral
Hearing + smell + speech understanding
Occipital lobe
Posterior
Vision
Insula
Beneath temporal lobe
Sometimes considered 5th lobe
β–  Olfactory Lobe:
  • β€’
    Rabbit β†’ distinct, attached to anterior cerebrum
  • β€’
    Contains rhinocoel
  • β€’
    Human β†’ indistinct, represented by olfactory bulb
β—ˆ Brodmann Areas / Functional Cortex:

Table 1: Functional Areas of Cerebral Cortex

Lobe
Area
Function / Clinical Point
Frontal
Prefrontal cortex
Intelligence, knowledge, creativity, memory
Frontal
Premotor area
Writing centre; movement of eye, head, body
Frontal
Motor area
Voluntary muscle movement
Frontal
Broca's area / motor speech area
Speech production; injury β†’ aphasia
Parietal
Somatosensory area
Skin sensations β†’ touch, pain, temperature
Temporal
Auditory area
Hearing
Temporal
Olfactory area
Smell
Temporal
Wernicke's area
Speech understanding
Occipital
Visual area
Vision
β—ˆ Cerebral Cortex / Neopallium / Pallium:
β–  Definition: Outer grey matter of cerebrum; thick 6-layered cortex
β–  Cells:
  • β€’
    Stellate cells
  • β€’
    Pyramidal cells
  • β€’
    Betz cells
β—ˆ Functions of Cerebrum:
  • β€’
    Most developed part of brain
  • β€’
    Forms about \(\frac{2}{3}\) of total brain
  • β€’
    Centre of intelligence
  • β€’
    Attention
  • β€’
    Reasoning power
  • β€’
    Highly developed cerebral cortex β†’ maximum reasoning in humans
β—ˆ Corpora Striata:
β–  Location: Floor of lateral ventricle
β–  Components:
  • β€’
    Caudate nucleus
  • β€’
    Lentiform nucleus
β–  Lateral Ventricle Boundaries:

Table 1: Lateral Ventricle Boundaries

Boundary
Structure
Roof
Corpus callosum
Median wall
Septum pellucidum
Floor
Corpora striata
β—ˆ Foramen of Monro / Interventricular Foramina: Lateral ventricles ↔ 3rd ventricle
❖ Diencephalon:
β—‰ Ventricle: Diocoel / 3rd ventricle
β—‰ Parts:

Table 1: Diencephalon

Part
Key Points
Thalamus
β‰ˆ 80% of diencephalon; sensory relay centre; gatekeeper of cerebrum
Hypothalamus
Homeostatic + endocrine + autonomic control
Epithalamus
Pineal gland / epiphysis cerebri + habenular nucleus
Subthalamus
Diencephalic part
Metathalamus
Sometimes included in diencephalon; medial + lateral geniculate bodies
β—‰ Hypothalamus:
β—ˆ SEATΒ² Functions:

Table 1: Hypothalamic Functions

Letter
Functions
S
Sleeping pattern + sexual behaviour
E
Endocrine functions + emotions
A
Autonomic nervous system + appetite
T
Thirst + temperature
β—ˆ Pituitary Attachment: Pituitary gland attached to middle hypothalamus by infundibulum
β—ˆ Mammillary Body: Corpus mammillary / corpus albicans β†’ posterior hypothalamus; mammalian brain character
β—‰ Metathalamus:

Table 1: Geniculate Bodies

Body
Association
Medial geniculate body
Auditory pathway
Lateral geniculate body
Visual pathway
β–’ Midbrain / Mesencephalon:
❖ Ventricle / Canal: Iter / cerebral aqueduct / Sylvian aqueduct
❖ Corpora Quadrigemina / Colliculi / 4 Optic Lobes:

Table 1: Colliculi

Part
Function
Superior colliculi / superior optic lobes
Main centres of pupillary light reflexes
Inferior colliculi / inferior optic lobes
Acoustic / sound reflexes
❖ Cerebral Peduncles / Crura Cerebri / Crus Cerebri: Anterior midbrain part with 2 longitudinal nerve-fibre peduncles
β–’ Hindbrain / Rhombencephalon:
❖ Ventricle: Metacoel / 4th ventricle
❖ Metencephalon:
β—‰ Pons Varolii:
β—ˆ Meaning: Pons = bridge
β—ˆ Fibres: Transverse + longitudinal fibres connect cerebellar lobes, cerebrum, medulla oblongata etc.
β—ˆ Respiratory Centres:
  • β€’
    Pneumotaxic centre
  • β€’
    Apneustic centre
β—‰ Cerebellum:
β—ˆ Lobes:
  • β€’
    2 lateral lobes / cerebellar hemispheres
  • β€’
    1 vermis β†’ divided into 9 segments
β—ˆ Matter:

Table 1: Cerebellar Matter

Position
Matter
Outer
Grey matter
Inner
White matter
β—ˆ Arbor Vitae: Branched tree-like projection of white matter
β—ˆ Functions:
  • β€’
    Coordination of muscular movements
  • β€’
    Maintains balance
  • β€’
    Maintains posture
  • β€’
    Maintains muscle tone
  • β€’
    Alcohol affects cerebellum β†’ loss of balance
❖ Myelencephalon:
β—‰ Medulla Oblongata:
β—ˆ Involuntary Control:
  • β€’
    Heartbeat
  • β€’
    Respiration
  • β€’
    Metabolism
  • β€’
    Secretory action of different cells
  • β€’
    Rate of engulfing food
β—ˆ Centres:
  • β€’
    Cardiac centre
  • β€’
    Vasomotor centre
  • β€’
    Respiratory centre
β—ˆ Conduction: Impulse pathway between spinal cord and remaining brain parts
β—ˆ Reflexes:
  • β€’
    Sneezing reflex
  • β€’
    Coughing reflex
  • β€’
    Yawning reflex
  • β€’
    Swallowing reflex
  • β€’
    Vomiting reflex
  • β€’
    Salivation reflex
πŸ“š
SPINAL CORD
β–’ Cavity: Neurocoel / central canal

Table 1: Spinal Cord, Conus Medullaris & Filum Terminale

Feature
Spinal cord
Conus medullaris
Filum terminale
Length
45 cm
β€”
20 cm
Weight
35 g
β€”
β€”
Extent
Base of skull β†’ \(L_1\) vertebra
Lower part of spinal cord at \(L_1\)
Terminal thread-like extension of conus medullaris
Location / Composition
Neural canal of vertebral column
Terminal spinal cord
Contains only piamater
Clinical
Central canal / neurocoel present
β€”
Dorsal puncture β†’ \(L_1\) to \(L_3\)
β–’ Cauda Equina: Tail-like collection of spinal nerve roots after \(L_1\); horse-tail appearance
β–’ Matter:

Table 1: Spinal Cord Matter

Position
Matter
Outer
White matter
Inner
Butterfly-shaped grey matter
β–’ Roots:

Table 1: Spinal Nerve Roots

Root
Main fibres
Posterior / dorsal root
Sensory neurons
Anterior / ventral root
Motor neurons
β–’ Lateral Grey Horn:
  • β€’
    Present in thoracolumbar area
  • β€’
    Sympathetic fibres arise here
  • β€’
    Lateral horn cells β†’ ramus communicans β†’ sympathetic system
πŸ“š
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
β–’ Cranial Nerves:
❖ Sensory Nerves:
  • β€’
    I β†’ Olfactory
  • β€’
    II β†’ Optic
  • β€’
    VIII β†’ Auditory / Vestibulocochlear
❖ Mixed Nerves:
  • β€’
    V β†’ Trigeminal
  • β€’
    VII β†’ Facial
  • β€’
    IX β†’ Glossopharyngeal
  • β€’
    X β†’ Vagus
❖ Motor Nerves:
  • β€’
    III β†’ Oculomotor
  • β€’
    IV β†’ Trochlear
  • β€’
    VI β†’ Abducens
  • β€’
    XI β†’ Spinal accessory
  • β€’
    XII β†’ Hypoglossal

Table 1: Cranial Nerves

No.
Nerve
Type
I
Olfactory
Sensory
II
Optic
Sensory
III
Oculomotor
Motor
IV
Trochlear
Motor
V
Trigeminal
Mixed
VI
Abducens
Motor
VII
Facial
Mixed
VIII
Auditory / Vestibulocochlear
Sensory
IX
Glossopharyngeal
Mixed
X
Vagus
Mixed
XI
Spinal accessory
Motor
XII
Hypoglossal
Motor
β–’ Spinal Nerves:
❖ Total: 31 pairs in human
❖ Comparative:

Table 1: Spinal Nerve Pairs

Animal
Spinal nerves
Human
31 pairs
Rabbit
37 pairs
Rana tigrina
9 pairs
Other frogs
10 pairs
❖ Human Spinal Nerves:

Table 1: Human Spinal Nerve Distribution

Nerve group
No. of pairs
Cervical
8 pairs
Thoracic
12 pairs
Lumbar
5 pairs
Sacral
5 pairs
Coccygeal
1 pair
πŸ“š
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
β–’ ANS Fibres:

Table 1: ANS Fibres

Feature
Point
Functional type
Purely motor
Preganglionic fibres
Myelinated
Postganglionic fibres
Unmyelinated
Cranial ANS fibres
11 pairs
Spinal ANS fibres
22 pairs
β–’ Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic:

Table 1: Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Nervous System

Feature
Sympathetic Nervous System
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Functional state
Fight, flight, fright
Rest and digest
Origin
Thoracolumbar
Craniosacral
Ganglion location
Near spinal cord
Near effector organ
Preganglionic fibre
Shorter than postganglionic fibre
Longer than postganglionic fibre
Postganglionic fibre
Longer
Shorter
Preganglionic neurotransmitter
Acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
Postganglionic neurotransmitter
Adrenaline / epinephrine or noradrenaline / norepinephrine; sweat gland exception β†’ acetylcholine
Acetylcholine
Branching
Present; fibres enter several ganglia
Absent; each fibre enters single ganglion
Vagus nerve
β€”
Part of parasympathetic nervous system
General action
Activating / emergency response
Antagonistic to sympathetic system
β–’ Sympathetic Actions:

Table 1: Sympathetic Effects

System
Organ / Structure
Action
Digestive system
Overall
Inhibition
Digestive system
Salivary glands
Inhibits salivation
Digestive system
Gastric glands + pancreas + liver + gall bladder
Inhibits secretion
Digestive system
Liver
Glycogenolysis β†’ ↑ blood glucose
Digestive system
Gastrointestinal motility
Decreases
Digestive system
Anal sphincters
Contract β†’ anus closes
Cardiovascular system
Heart
↑ heart rate / palpitation
Cardiovascular system
Blood vessels
Vasoconstriction β†’ ↑ BP
Cardiovascular system
Vessels of vital organs: brain, lungs, heart
Vasodilation
Respiratory system
Bronchus
Bronchodilation
Excretory system
Urinary bladder
Relaxes bladder + inhibits urination
Reproductive system
Penis
Ejaculation
Nervous / Eye
Pupil
Dilatation
Glands
Lacrimal glands
Tear secretion
Glands
Sweat glands
Sweating
β–’ Parasympathetic Actions:

Table 1: Parasympathetic Effects

System / Organ
Action
General
Opposite / antagonistic to sympathetic nervous system
Urinary bladder
Contraction
Reproductive system
Penis erection
β–’ Reproductive Autonomic Mnemonic:

Table 1: Point & Shoot

Action
ANS division
Erection / Point
Parasympathetic
Ejaculation / Shoot
Sympathetic
πŸ“š
HIGH-YIELD RECALL

Table 1: Nervous System One-Liners

Fact
Answer
Duramater space
Subdural space β†’ serous fluid
Arachnoid space
Subarachnoid space β†’ C.S.F.
Gyri
Cerebral ridges
Sulci
Cerebral grooves
Deep sulcus
Fissure
Central sulcus separates
Frontal ↔ Parietal lobes
Lateral sulcus separates
Temporal ↔ Frontal + Parietal lobes
Parieto-occipital sulcus separates
Parietal ↔ Occipital lobes
Medial fissure
Between 2 cerebral hemispheres
Transverse fissure
Cerebrum ↔ Cerebellum
Largest commissure
Corpus callosum
Mammalian commissure feature
Corpus callosum
Association tract
Same hemisphere gyri connection
Commissural tract
Opposite hemisphere gyri connection
Projection tract
Cerebrum ↔ lower CNS
5th lobe
Insula
Speech production area
Broca's area
Speech understanding area
Wernicke's area
Cerebral cortex
Neopallium / pallium
Cerebrum forms
\(\frac{2}{3}\) of brain
Corpora striata
Floor of lateral ventricle
Thalamus
Gatekeeper of cerebrum
Diencephalon ventricle
Diocoel / 3rd ventricle
Midbrain canal
Cerebral aqueduct / Sylvian aqueduct
Superior colliculi
Pupillary light reflex
Inferior colliculi
Acoustic reflex
Hindbrain ventricle
Metacoel / 4th ventricle
Pons respiratory centres
Pneumotaxic + apneustic
Cerebellar white matter
Arbor vitae
Alcohol affects
Cerebellum
Medulla controls
Involuntary activities
Spinal cord cavity
Neurocoel / central canal
Spinal cord end
\(L_1\)
Horse-tail nerve roots
Cauda equina
Dorsal root
Sensory
Ventral root
Motor
Sympathetic origin
Thoracolumbar
Parasympathetic origin
Craniosacral
Sympathetic state
Fight, flight, fright
Parasympathetic state
Rest and digest
Preganglionic ANS fibre
Myelinated
Postganglionic ANS fibre
Unmyelinated
Vagus nerve
Parasympathetic
Q1.
Longest cranial nerve is:
πŸ“…IOM 2012
Q2.
Number of cranial nerve in rabbit:
πŸ“…IOM 2012
Q3.
The lobe of brain where visual stimuli are received and analyzed
πŸ“…MOE 2069
Q4.
Neurons that carry messages from receptors area to CNS are called:
πŸ“…IE 2013
Q5.
What is the name of the gap between the end of one neuron and another?
πŸ“…IE 2013
Q6.
The muscular co-ordination of mammals is controlled
πŸ“…MOE-2011β€’IOM-2008β€’MOE-2003
Q7.
Center of intelligence in brain lies in the
πŸ“…MOE 2010
Q8.
Vagus nerve is a part of
πŸ“…MOE 2010
Q9.
Reflex action is exhibited by..
πŸ“…IOM-2010
Q10.
Body posture is maintained by…
πŸ“…BP- 2010
Q11.
Which of the following human parasympathetic functions is not under the control of a cranial nerve?
πŸ“…IE - 2009
Q12.
Sodium - pump in human body is related to:
πŸ“…MOE 2009
Q13.
The longest cranial nerve in rabbit is
πŸ“…MOE-2008
Q14.
Thermoregulatory centre is found in:
πŸ“…IOM 1999β€’2009
Q15.
Which nerve supply is for single muscle?
πŸ“…IOM-2007
Q16.
The resting potential of the membrane of a nerve fibre.
πŸ“…MOE-2062
Q17.
Which centre is stimulated during increase in body temperature?
πŸ“…KU 2012
Q18.
The cerebral hemisphere are joined with midbrain by:
Q19.
Number of cranial nerves in human is
πŸ“…KUMET-2008
Q20.
Parasympathetic nervous system
πŸ“…KUMET-2006
Q21.
Which layer of meninges forms the innermost portion?
πŸ“…KUMET-2003
Q22.
Which of the following structure, in the evolution of vertebrate brain has shown greatest size increase relative to rest of the brain?
πŸ“…IE - 2007
Q23.
Parkinson's disease affects:
πŸ“…BP 2007
Q24.
The innermost layer of cranial meninges is:
πŸ“…BP 2006
Q25.
Breathing centre occurs in
πŸ“…IE - 2006
Q26.
Which is present in Diencephalon?
πŸ“…IE - 2006
Q27.
Sleep inducing drugs are called ...
πŸ“…IOM-2005
Q28.
Olfactory lobe is site for:
πŸ“…MOE-2005
Q29.
The cerebellum is concerned with:
πŸ“…BP 2005
Q30.
A ganglion of sensory neurons occurs in:
πŸ“…BP 2004
Q31.
Which cranial nerve in man is both sensory and motor?
πŸ“…BP 2004
Q32.
Hind brain of frog consists of
πŸ“…IOM-2004
Q33.
In which of the following disorder a patient commonly commits suicide?
πŸ“…IOM-2004
Q34.
Two cerebral hemispheres of mammalian brain are connected via..
πŸ“…PE-2004
Q35.
Palpitation that may be felt while facing an interview primary due to the activation of
πŸ“…IOM -2004
Q36.
The muscle co-ordination is done by
πŸ“…MOE-2003
Q37.
Which of the followings is found in diencephalons?
πŸ“…IE - 2002
Q38.
Primary visual cortex is present in..
πŸ“…IOM-2001
Q39.
Hunger and thirst are under direct control of:
πŸ“…BP 2001
Q40.
Which part is responsible for attention?
πŸ“…KUMET-2001
Q41.
The parasympathetic nervous system:
πŸ“…BP 2001
Q42.
CNS consists of :
πŸ“…MOE-2000
Q43.
Which of the following do not belong together?
πŸ“…MOE-2058
Q44.
Reasoning power is maximum in human due to the development of:
πŸ“…BP 2000
Q45.
Reflex action in vertebrates is exhibited by....
πŸ“…KUMET-2000
Q46.
Gland of Swammerdam is reserve of ..
πŸ“…KUMET-2000
Q47.
Sodium potassium pump or Na+-K+ ATPase acts on the principle of
πŸ“…IOM-1996
Q48.
In brain there is no
πŸ“…IOM 1994
Q49.
Impulses are transmitted along cell membranes due to change in
πŸ“…IOM 1993
Q50.
Cerebrospinal fluid
πŸ“…IOM -1993
Q51.
Synapse is a gap between adjacent
πŸ“…MOE 2014,2013
Q52.
The nerve that transmits impulse towards CNS is
πŸ“…MOE 2014
Q53.
Hypothalamus of human brain is meant for
πŸ“…MOE 2013
Q54.
Crura cerebri are the nerve bands of:
πŸ“…MOE 2012
Q55.
The lobe of brain where visual stimuli are received and analysed:
πŸ“…MOE 2012
Q56.
In action potential during nerve impulse transmission, the repolarisation is due to the entry of
πŸ“…IOM 2014
Q57.
Injury in occipital lobe causes loss of
πŸ“…IOM 2016
Q58.
Neurotransmitter released from postganglionic sympathetic innervated sweat gland is
πŸ“…IOM 2015
Q59.
.... is responsible for the control of the reflex action:
πŸ“…KU-2014
Q60.
Which cranial nerve supplies to heart
πŸ“…KU-2014,2011
Q61.
Which is not a reflex action?
πŸ“…KU-2014
Q62.
Centre of balance in brain is
πŸ“…KU-2013β€’2011
Q63.
Which of the following is structural and functional unit of nervous system?
πŸ“…AFMC 2001
Q64.
Which of the following structures is in the diencephalon?
πŸ“…Odisha JEE 2003
Q65.
Anterior choroid plexus is found in the roof of
πŸ“…Manipal 2003
Q66.
Third ventricle is in
πŸ“…Karnataka CET 2008
Q67.
Broca's area is connected with:
πŸ“…Karnataka CET 2001
Q68.
Parkinsonism is related with:
Q69.
Corpus callosum is seen in the:
πŸ“…Karnataka CET 2001
Q70.
Hunger and thirst are controlled by:
πŸ“…Har. PMT 2000β€’WB-JEE 2011
Q71.
Purkinje cells are found in:
Q72.
The central canal is lined by:
πŸ“…MH-CET 2003
Q73.
Which part of the human brain controls posture and balance?
πŸ“…WB-JEE
Q74.
Which of the following is a part of forebrain?
Q75.
Membrane covering the brain and spinal cord is called:
Q76.
Hypothalamus is the intermediary between:
Q77.
In the brain of mammals, the genu and splenium are associated with:
πŸ“…WB-JEE 2007
Q78.
Which of the following is a structure in the mesencephalon?
πŸ“…CPMT 2000
Q79.
Tree of life is:
πŸ“…AMU 2005β€’BHU 2005
Q80.
Piamater and duramater are referred as:
Q81.
Arbor vitae is composed of:
πŸ“…WB-JEE 2007
Q82.
Pineal stalk arises from:
Q83.
Foramen of Monro connects:
πŸ“…CPMT 2001
Q84.
Memory weakens if one of the following parts is injured:
Q85.
An injury to diencephalon may result in:
Q86.
Which part of the brain controls involuntary breathing?
Q87.
Vermis is a part of:
πŸ“…PCS 200β€’Kerala PMT 200
Q88.
Which of the following is found only in mammalian brain?
Q89.
The paracoel and diocoel are connected by:
Q90.
In human brain, central sulcus is found between:
Q91.
Which of the following is found in brainstem?
Q92.
The disease associated with brain is:
Q93.
Who was first to record EEG?
πŸ“…St. Johns MC 2002
Q94.
Which of the following is recorded in EEG during deep sleep?
Q95.
The main cause of paralysis is:
πŸ“…MPPMT 2001
Q96.
Subdural space is between:
Q97.
Pons varolii is the part of:
Q98.
Corpora striata occur in:
Q99.
Broca's centre in brain is related with:
Q100.
Which of the following is a part of hindbrain?
πŸ“…AIIMS 2002
Q101.
Which of the following is an example of reflex action?
πŸ“…CMC Vellore 2008
Q102.
In human brain, which controls movement?
πŸ“…BHU 2002
Q103.
Corpora quadrigemina are located in:
Q104.
Choroid plexus is found in:
πŸ“…JEE 2004
Q105.
Primary visual area is located in:
πŸ“…Karnataka CET 2004
Q106.
Parkinson’s disease (characterised by tremors and progressive rigidity of limbs) is due to degeneration of neurons involved in motor control, which use neurotransmitter:
πŸ“…AIPMT 2005β€’JIPMER 2007
Q107.
The covering protecting the brain is known as:
πŸ“…Odisha JEE 2002
Q108.
An action potential in the nerve fibre is produced when positive and negative charges on the outside and inside are reversed because:
πŸ“…AIPMT 2000
Q109.
Which part of human brain is concerned with regulation of body temperature?
πŸ“…AIPMT 2009β€’CPMT 2009
Q110.
The satiety centres in the brain are located in:
πŸ“…CPMT 2009
Q111.
The cavity of diencephalon in brain is called:
πŸ“…JIPMER 2008
Q112.
Voluntary muscular coordination is under control of:
Q113.
The anterior choroid plexus forms the roof of:
πŸ“…EAMCET 2000
Q114.
Which nerve is exclusively motor in function?
πŸ“…Pb. PMT 2004
Q115.
Fluid present in the spinal cord is:
Q116.
From which part of spinal cord does the motor root originate?
Q117.
Which one of the following statements is correct regarding spinal cord?
πŸ“…Karnataka CET 2013
Q118.
Node of Ranvier is found in:
πŸ“…MPPMT 2000
Q119.
The inhibitory effect of the vagus nerve on the heart is due to secretion of:
Q120.
How many pairs of cranial nerves in mammals are purely motor?
Q121.
Which of the following is a purely motor cranial nerve?
πŸ“…PCS 2001β€’CPMT 2002β€’BHU 2004, 2007, 2008β€’RPMT 2005β€’MPPMT 2006β€’Wardha 2006β€’BV Pune 2007β€’CMC Vellore 2008β€’Manipal 2008
Q122.
Which of the following cranial nerve is not a motor nerve?
Q123.
Lateral funiculi possess ganglia:
Q124.
Which of the following is a purely sensory cranial nerve?
Q125.
Afferent nerve fibres conduct impulses from:
Q126.
The lungs, heart and stomach are innervated by:
πŸ“…Odisha JEE 2009
Q127.
Vagus nerve is:
Q128.
Which cranial nerves are purely sensory?
πŸ“…PCS 2001
Q129.
Cranial nerve which supplies regions of the body other than head and is the longest:
Q130.
The third, sixth and eleventh cranial nerves in animals are respectively:
πŸ“…BHU 2007
Q131.
The trigeminal nerve arises from: