4Coelenterata

πŸ“š
HYDRA
β–’ General Characters:
❖ Habit: Solitary
❖ Habitat: Freshwater (stagnant)
❖ Grade of Organization: Tissue-grade of body organization
❖ Germ layers:
β—‰ Key: Diploblastic
β—‰ Ectoderm:
    β—‰ Endoderm/ Gastroderm:
      β—‰ Mesogloea:
      1. Found between ectoderm and endoderm
      2. Secreted by both ectoderm and endoderm
      3. Thin, delicate, transparent and noncellular.
      Q1.
      Mesogloea in Hydra is secreted by
      ❖ Symmetry: Radially symmetrical
      ❖ Coelom: Acoelomate
      ❖ Body plan: Blind sac body plan due to presence of Hypostome but lacks Anus.
      ❖ Segmentation: Unsegmented
      ❖ Symbiotic relation with Chlorella:
      1. No chlorophyll.
      2. Green due to presence of Chlorella vulgaris(Zoochlorella)
      3. Zoochlorella is intracellular symbiont.
      4. It lives in Musculoepithelial cells of Hydra.
      Q1.
      An association mutually benefited to both partners is represented by
      β–’ Body parts:
      ❖ Hypostome:
      1. Mouth of Hydra
      2. Also called as Manubrium
      ❖ Basal disc: Attached to substratum
      ❖ Tentacles:
      1. Surround the mouth to aid in capture and ingestion of food.
      2. Also help in locomotion.
      3. So, analogous to to pseudopodia of Amoeba.
      4. Tentacles of hydra are hollow.
      5. Growth zone of hydra is located just below the tentacles.
      Q1.
      The tentacles of Hydra are
      Q2.
      Number of tentacles in Hydra is
      Q3.
      The growth zone of Hydra is located
      ❖ Coelenteron:
      1. Also called Gastrovascular cavity.
      2. Endodermis/ Gastrodermis lines it.
      3. Serves the function of Digestion and Circulation.
      β–’ Body wall:
      β–’ Cells:
      Image 1
      Fig.Cells in Hydra
      Cell Type
      Epidermis
      Gastrodermis
      Muscular cells
      β–’ Epithelio-muscular cell: If forms the bulk of Epidermis
      β–’ Endothelio-muscular cell: If forms the bulk of Endodermis
      Interstitial cells
      1. Present
      2. But absent in Epidermis of pedal disc and tentacles.
      3. Undifferentiated cells that can develop into other cell types
      Present
      Nerve cells
      Present - Form nerve nets for simple sensory functions
      Present - Similar nerve nets found, coordinating with epidermal nerve nets
      Sensory cell
      Present
      Present
      Gland cells
      Epithelio-gland cell
      Endothelio-gland cell - Secrete digestive enzymes into the gastrovascular cavity
      Cnidocytes
      Present - Stinging cells used for defense and prey capture
      Absent
      Germ cell
      Present
      Absent
      Q1.
      Which of the following is only present in epidermis of Hydra:
      πŸ“…IOM 2005
      Q2.
      Hydra will regenerate from a fragement, if it contains
      Q3.
      Which pair of cells is present in the epidermis of Hydra but not, in the endoderm?
      ❖ Cnidocytes:
      Image 1
      β—‰ Features of Cnidoblast:
      1. Universal character of all coelenterates.
      2. Derived from interstitial cells of epidermis.
      3. Present only in epidermis.
      4. Maximum in tentacles.
      5. Absent in pedal disc / basal disc.
      6. A group of cnidoblasts is known as Cnidome.
      7. The group of cnidoblasts on the tentacles is especially called Battery.
      8. Opening of nematocyst is Operculum.
      9. Just below the operculum, narrow neck is Butt.
      10. Inside the butt, triangular shaped structure is Barb.
      Type and Name
      Features and Functions
      Penetrant / Stenoteles - Largest Nematocyst
      1. Discharges a thread tube that injects poisonous fluid (hypnotoxin)
      2. Hypnotoxin paralyzes or kills prey like Cyclops and Daphnia
      3. Hypnotoxin is composed of protein and phenol
      4. Makes Cnidarians carnivorous
      5. Most complex type of nematoblast
      Volvent / Desmoneme - Smallest Nematocyst
      1. Thread coils tightly around projections such as hair or bristles
      2. Coils and captures prey
      Glutinant / Holotrichous isorhiza (Streptoline glutinant) - Largest glutinant
      β€’ Used to stick to prey
      Glutinant / Atrichous isorhiza (Steroline glutinant) - Smallest glutinant
      1. Helps in looping movement
      2. Common mode of locomotion in Hydra
      3. Looping movement is leech-like in Hydra
      4. Somersaulting movement is the fastest locomotion mode
      β—‰ Grouping of Cnidoblasts:
      1. A group of cnidoblasts is known as Cnidome.
      2. The group of cnidoblasts on the tentacles is especially called Battery.
      β—‰ Structure of Nematocyst:
      1. Opening of nematocyst is Operculum.
      2. Just below the operculum, narrow neck is Butt.
      3. Inside the butt, triangular shaped structure is Barb.
      β—‰ Functions of Nematoblast:
      1. Takes part in locomotion, food capture, offence, and defence.
      β—‰ Nematocyst Details:
      1. Nematocyst or stinging capsule is a part of the cell called Cnidoblast or Cnidocyte.
      2. Nematocyst is known as Independent effector:
      3. Discharge of nematocyst is completely independent of nervous control, hence called independent effector.
      4. Discharge of nematocyst is enzymatic in action.
      5. Discharge involves both mechanical and chemical stimulus.
      6. On stimulation, the nematocyst shoots out within 0.3–0.5 seconds.
      7. Action depends on enzymes that increase osmotic pressure inside the capsule.
      8. Once flagellum is used, it is never withdrawn β€” nematocyst is used only once.
      β—‰ Supportive Structures:
      1. Lasso, bars (3 pairs of large spines), and barbules (50 pairs of smaller spines).
      2. Lasso helps in checking the emerging of nematocyst.
      β—‰ Cnidocil:
      1. The trigger needle of cnidoblast is called Cnidocil.
      2. Cnidocil is the stimulus-receiving part of nematoblast / cnidoblast.
      Q1.
      Poison present in Nematocyst of Hydra is:
      πŸ“…IOM 2000
      Q2.
      Which is toxic substance secreted by Hydra?
      πŸ“…BPKIHS 2013
      Q3.
      Penetrants and stenoteles are names of nematocysts in phylum coelenterata of these:
      πŸ“…BPKIHS 2005
      Q4.
      Common between trichocysts of Paramecium and nematocysts of Hydra is
      Q5.
      Characteristics cells of Hydra is
      Q6.
      Hydra is a coelenterate because it posses
      Q7.
      Which action of Hydra will be most hindered if there were no nematocysts in it?
      Q8.
      Hypnotoxin is a poisonous fluid produced by
      Q9.
      Nematocysts take part in
      Q10.
      A group of cnidoblast is called
      Q11.
      Largest nematocyst of Hydra is
      Q12.
      Common between trichocyst of paramecium and nematocyst of Hydra is
      Q13.
      The 'independent effectors' of Hydra are
      ❖ Interstitial cell:
      β—‰ About:
      1. Interstitial cell is a totipotent cell.
      2. So, interstitial cells help in regeneration called Morpholaxis.
      3. Interstitial cell can transform into all other types of cells including germ/sex cell, glandular cell, and cnidoblast.
      β—‰ Cell Types Derived from Interstitial Cells:
      1. Reproductive cells
      2. Glandular cells
      3. Stinging cells (Cnidoblasts)
      β—‰ Scientific View:
      1. Brien stated that all cells arise from interstitial cells.
      β—‰ Functions of Interstitial Cells:
      1. Help in formation of external bud.
      β—‰ Characteristics of Interstitial Cells:
      1. Interstitial cells are uninucleated.
      2. Interstitial cells are absent in the epidermis of pedal disc and tentacles.
      3. Interstitial cells can cross the mesoglea.
      Q1.
      Cells of Hydra having capacities of regeneration, repair and budding are
      ❖ Epithelio-muscular cell:
      β—‰ Epithelio-muscular Cell:
      1. Epithelio-muscular cell forms the bulk of the epidermis.
      β—‰ Structure of Epithelio-muscular Cell:
      1. Muscle tail or Myoneme is present in it.
      2. The number of myonemes in the muscle tail of epithelio-muscular cells is two.
      β—‰ Function of Epithelio-muscular Cell:
      1. Contraction of muscle fibres in the epithelio-muscular cells shortens the body and tentacles.
      Part
      Features and Functions
      Epithelial Part
      1. Located towards the epidermis side
      2. Helps in cuticle formation (Cuticle β†’ Epidermis β†’ Mesoglea β†’ Endodermis)
      3. Provides protection
      Muscular Part
      1. Located towards the mesoglea side
      2. Helps in shortening and bending of the body
      3. Responsible for body movement
      Q1.
      Muscles of Hydra are
      ❖ Epithelio-gland cell:
      β—‰ Epithelio-gland Cells / Glandulo-muscular Cell:
      1. Also known as Glandulo-muscular cell
      2. Glandulo-muscular cell is a modification of epithelial-muscular cells.
      3. Glandulo-muscular cell is maximum in epidermis, pedal/basal disc.
      β—‰ Functions of Glandulo-muscular Cells:
      1. Help in attachment.
      2. Create gas bubbles that make it float (floating movement).
      ❖ Sensory cell:
      β—‰ Key: Sense organs like Statocyst, Tentaculocyst occur in free swimming forms.
      Q1.
      In Hydra, Sensory cell found in:
      ❖ Nerve cell:
      β—‰ Nerve Cell:
      1. Nerve cells are apolar.
      2. Nerve cells are more numerous in the epidermis of hypostome, basal disc, and basal parts of tentacles.
      β—‰ Stimuli Responded to by Nerve Cells:
      1. Touch
      2. Chemical
      3. Temperature
      4. Light
      5. Electric current
      6. No response to rheotaxis
      β—‰ Nervous System:
      1. Nervous system is a simple nerve net, made of naked and largely nonpolar neurons.
      β—‰ Endocrine Role:
      1. Endocrine system is also present, and hormones are secreted by nerves.
      ❖ Germ cell:
      β–’ Physi:
      ❖ Locomotion:
      1. Walking
        1. Erect movement with all tentacles directed downwards using them as legs.
        2. It is called Cuttlefish movement because it resembles the locomotion of cuttlefish.
      2. Gliding
        1. Slowest mode of locomotion
      3. Floating
      4. Looping or Somersaulting
        1. Most common mode of locomotion in hydra.
        2. Fastest mode of locomotion.
      Q1.
      Which structure in Hydra functionally corresponds to the pseudopodia of Amoeba
      Q2.
      Hydra sometimes move upon its tentacles using them as legs. This is known as
      ❖ Nutrition:
      β—‰ Food:
      1. Exclussively carnivorous, and feeds only on Crustaceans.
      2. Favourit food is Water fleas (Daphnia and Cyclops)
      3. Recognizes its prey by the presence of Glutathione in the tissue fluid of the prey.
      β—‰ Digestion:
      1. Extracellular followed by Intracellular.
      2. Can digest Carbohydrate, Fats and Proteins.
      3. No enzymes for Starch so can't digest Starch.
      Q1.
      The food which Hydra can't digest is
      πŸ“…MOE 2054
      Q2.
      Gastrodermis of Hydra takes part in digestion of
      Q3.
      The mouth of Hydra is opened by the chemical influence of
      Q4.
      Hydra recognizes its prey by
      ❖ Respiration: General body surface
      ❖ Circulation: Diffusion.
      Q1.
      Absence of circulatory system in Hydro is compensated by
      ❖ Excretion: Through General Body surface
      ❖ Excretory product: Ammonia
      ❖ Osmoregulation: Through General Body surface.
      ❖ Nervous system:
      1. Absence of Brain, only nerve nets are present
      2. Nerve nets are formed by nerve cells and nerve processes.
      3. Unpolarized nerve nets.
      Q1.
      Which of the following has nervous system but no brain?
      πŸ“…IOM 2014
      ❖ Sensory receptors:
      β—‰ Sensory cells:
      1. Most numerous on Tentacles, Hypostome and around the basal disc.
      2. Each sensory cells extends from the nerve net to body surface.}
      β—‰ Photoreceptor:
      1. Prefers the region of moderate light.
      2. So responds negatively to both strong and weak light.
      β—‰ Reoreceptor: No reaction to water current.
      β—‰ Galvanoreceptor: In electric field, tentacular end of Hydra bends towards anode and pedal disc to cathode.
      β—‰ Chemorecepor: -vely chemotropic, and avoid chlorinated water.
      Q1.
      Hydra possesses
      ❖ Reproduction:
      β—‰ Asexual methods:
      1. Budding
        1. During favourable condition when plenty of food and water are available.
      β—‰ Sexual methods:
      1. Occurs during unfavourable condition when lack of food and water.
      2. Most of the species are Monoecious/hermaphrodite.
      3. Bisexual species of Hydra are Protandrous, so avoids self-fertilization; cross fertilization is the rule.
      4. There is Single ovary and Many testes.
      5. Ovary of hydra posses one ovum.
      6. Fertilization occurs externally on the body by the entry of sperm into ovum.
      7. If sperm enters the coelenteron of Hydra, it will be digested.
      8. Hydra has direct development, but a larva-like structure is present called Hydraula or Hydratuba.
      9. Common larva of cnidarians is Planula, especially in jellyfish, Obelia, and sea anemone.
      Q1.
      Budding in Hydra is:
      πŸ“…IE 2005β€’IOM 2068
      Q2.
      Self fertilization is absent in Hydra due to:
      πŸ“…IOM 2016
      Q3.
      A number of buds have developed on Hydra
      Q4.
      A single mature Hydra may bear
      Q5.
      Hydra reproduces by budding when
      Q6.
      The type of asexual reproduction found in Hydra is
      ❖ Regeneration:
      β—‰ Epimorphosis: Tentacles/ Body part of hydra regenerates by Epimorphosis.
      β—‰ Morphollaxis: Hydra regenerates by Morphollaxis.
      Q1.
      Hydra regenerates by:
      πŸ“…IOM 2002
      Q2.
      If Hydra is broken down into pieces
      ❖ Special points:
      β—‰ Symbiotic Relationships:
      1. Sea anemone (Metridium) and hermit crab: Commensalism (+, 0).
      2. Euplectella and Spongicola: Commensalism (+, 0).
      3. Hydra and Zoochlorella or Zooxanthophylla: Symbiosis (+, +).
      Q1.
      The food which Hydra can't digest is
      πŸ“…MOE 2054
      Q2.
      Which of the following is only present in epidermis of Hydra:
      πŸ“…IOM 2005
      Q3.
      Polymorphism is characteristics of the phylum:
      πŸ“…IOM 2005
      Q4.
      Hydra regenerates by:
      πŸ“…IOM 2002
      Q5.
      Poison present in Nematocyst of Hydra is:
      πŸ“…IOM 2000
      Q6.
      Radial symmetry is found in
      πŸ“…MOE 2063
      Q7.
      The body of coelenterates is made up of two cell layers. These are
      πŸ“…MOE 2000
      Q8.
      Polymorphism is found
      πŸ“…BPKIHS 2001
      Q9.
      Penetrants and stenoteles are names of nematocysts in phylum coelenterata of these:
      πŸ“…BPKIHS 2005
      Q10.
      Scyphozoan medusa is more commonly known as
      πŸ“…IE 2002
      Q11.
      Budding in Hydra is:
      πŸ“…IE 2005β€’IOM 2068
      Q12.
      Coral reef is formed by
      πŸ“…IOM 2013
      Q13.
      In which class Jellyfish is found?
      πŸ“…BPKIHS 2013β€’BPKIHS 2014
      Q14.
      Which is toxic substance secreted by Hydra?
      πŸ“…BPKIHS 2013
      Q15.
      Which of the following has nervous system but no brain?
      πŸ“…IOM 2014
      Q16.
      Coral reef is formed by
      πŸ“…IOM 2013
      Q17.
      Polymorphism is characteristics of the phylum:
      πŸ“…IOM 2013
      Q18.
      Self fertilization is absent in Hydra due to:
      πŸ“…IOM 2016
      Q19.
      Which is a coelenterate
      Q20.
      In sea anemone, the symmetry is
      Q21.
      Muscles of Hydra are
      Q22.
      Common between trichocysts of Paramecium and nematocysts of Hydra is
      Q23.
      Which group does not contain polyp
      Q24.
      A number of buds have developed on Hydra
      Q25.
      Polymorphism occurs in
      Q26.
      Characteristics cells of Hydra is
      Q27.
      Most appropriate term to describe the life cycle of hydrozoans like Obelia is
      Q28.
      Hydra will regenerate from a fragement, if it contains
      Q29.
      Which structure in Hydra functionally corresponds to the pseudopodia of Amoeba
      Q30.
      Hydra is a coelenterate because it posses
      Q31.
      Metagenesis occurs in
      Q32.
      Mesogloea is present in the phylum
      Q33.
      Statocysts are found in
      Q34.
      The generic name of common jellyfish is
      Q35.
      Sea anemone belongs to the class
      Q36.
      Organ pipe coral is
      Q37.
      The tentacles of Hydra are
      Q38.
      Number of tentacles in Hydra is
      Q39.
      Mesogloea in Hydra is secreted by
      Q40.
      The middle layer of the body wall of Hydra is known as
      Q41.
      Which action of Hydra will be most hindered if there were no nematocysts in it?
      Q42.
      Hypnotoxin is a poisonous fluid produced by
      Q43.
      Nematocysts take part in
      Q44.
      Gastrodermis of Hydra takes part in digestion of
      Q45.
      The mouth of Hydra is opened by the chemical influence of
      Q46.
      Which pair of cells is present in the epidermis of Hydra but not, in the endoderm?
      Q47.
      If Hydra is broken down into pieces
      Q48.
      Hydra sometimes move upon its tentacles using them as legs. This is known as
      Q49.
      A group of cnidoblast is called
      Q50.
      Largest nematocyst of Hydra is
      Q51.
      Hydra recognizes its prey by
      Q52.
      A single mature Hydra may bear
      Q53.
      Hydra possesses
      Q54.
      Absence of circulatory system in Hydro is compensated by
      Q55.
      Common between trichocyst of paramecium and nematocyst of Hydra is
      Q56.
      Hydra reproduces by budding when
      Q57.
      Gastrovascular cavity is divided into compartments in
      Q58.
      The growth zone of Hydra is located
      Q59.
      An association mutually benefited to both partners is represented by
      Q60.
      Only asexual polyp stage occurs in
      Q61.
      Ephyra is the larva of
      Q62.
      In the development of Hydra, gastrulation is the result of
      Q63.
      The type of asexual reproduction found in Hydra is
      Q64.
      The 'independent effectors' of Hydra are
      Q65.
      Cells of Hydra having capacities of regeneration, repair and budding are
      Q66.
      Which one of these is cnidarian?
      Q67.
      Which one of these is cnidarian?
      πŸ“š
      COELENTERATA
      β–’ General Characters:
      Image 1
      Fig.Hydra
      ❖ Habit: Sessile or free swimming, Solitary or Colonial
      ❖ Habitat: Aquatic, mostly marine except few freshwater forms like Hydra
      ❖ Grade of Organization:
      1. Tissue grade of organization
      2. Presence of collection of bipolar and multipolar nerve cells forming an irregular net or plexus.
      ❖ Germ layers: Diploblastic
      ❖ Body cavity: Acoelomate
      ❖ Body plan: Blind sac body plan
      ❖ Symmetry: Radial symmetry except Sea anemone which is Biradial symmetrical.
      Q1.
      Radial symmetry is found in
      πŸ“…MOE 2063
      Q2.
      In sea anemone, the symmetry is
      Image 1
      ❖ Nutrition: Carnivorous
      ❖ Digestion: Extracellular followed by intracellular
      ❖ Reproduction:
      β—‰ Asexual methods:
      1. Budding or
      2. Strobilation
      β—‰ Sexual methods:
      β—ˆ Larval forms:
      1. Hydra ->Hydralua
      2. Aurelia
        1. Hydratuba
        2. Scyphula
        3. Ephyra
      Q1.
      Ephyra is the larva of
      ❖ Receptors:
      β—‰ Photoreceptor: Ocelli
      β—‰ Statocysts: Balance receptors
      Q1.
      Statocysts are found in
      β–’ Body wall:
      Consists of 2 cellular layers surrounding the Mesogloea
      Image 1
      ❖ Epidermis (Outer epithelium):
      ❖ Gastrodermis (Inner epithelium):
      1. Lines the gastrovascular cavity
      ❖ Mesogloea:
      1. Extracellular gelatinous layer.
      2. Ranges from a thin, noncellular basal lamina to thick, fibrous, jelly-like, connective tissue with or without mesenchymal cells.
      Q1.
      The body of coelenterates is made up of two cell layers. These are
      πŸ“…MOE 2000
      Q2.
      Mesogloea is present in the phylum
      Q3.
      The middle layer of the body wall of Hydra is known as
      β–’ Gastrovascular cavity/ Coelenteron:
      1. This cavity serves as gut (for digestion of food) and as circulatory system (for circulation of digested body).
      2. Opens to outside at one end of body to form a mouth.
      3. Mouth serves both in ingestion and egestion.
      4. Anus is absent.
      β–’ Metagenesis/ Alternation of generation:
      Alternation of polypoid and medusoid generation occurs.
      ❖ Example: Seen in Obelia of Hydrazoa class
      Image 1
      Credit:www.w3schools.blog
      Image 1
      Credit:www.w3schools.blog
      Polypoid generation
      Medusoid generation
      Asexual generation
      Sexual generation
      No gonads is formed.
      Gonads are present.
      Sessile
      Free swimming
      Body is cylindrical with a long stalk.
      Body is umbrella, cup shaped with reduced stalk.
      Mesogloea is thin.
      Mesogloea is thick.
      Mouth is located in Hypostome.
      Mouth is located in Manubrium.
      Diploid
      Diploid
      Q1.
      Most appropriate term to describe the life cycle of hydrozoans like Obelia is
      Q2.
      Metagenesis occurs in
      β–’ Polymorphism:
      Image 1
      Fig.A -> Obelia; B->Hydractinia; C->Vella; D->Physalia;
      E->Generalized calycophoran Siphonophora
      The occurrence of structurally and functionally different types of individuals, called zooids, within the same organism during its life history is called Polymorphism.
      ❖ Example: Seen in Physalia of Class of Hydrazoa
      ❖ 9 types:
      β—‰ Trophozooid/ Gastrozooid: Feeding
      β—‰ Gonophore: Sessile medusae
      β—‰ Gonozooid: Gonophore production
      β—‰ Dactylozooid: Protection, food caption
      β—‰ Tentaculozooid: Same as dactylozooid
      β—‰ Nematophore: Food capture
      β—‰ Pneumatophore: Float
      β—‰ Nectophore: Swimming
      β—‰ Phyllozooid: Protective cover
      Q1.
      Polymorphism is characteristics of the phylum:
      πŸ“…IOM 2005
      Q2.
      Polymorphism is found
      πŸ“…BPKIHS 2001
      Q3.
      Polymorphism is characteristics of the phylum:
      πŸ“…IOM 2013
      Q4.
      Polymorphism occurs in
      β–’ Nematocyst and Tentacles:
      ❖ Key: Tentacles surround the mouth to aid in capture and ingestion of food.
      ❖ Cnidocyte/ Cnidoblast: It is cell of cnidarians containing cnide.
      ❖ Cnide:
      1. Cnide are cellular organelles of cnidocyte.
      2. It is capable of eversion from cnidocyte.
      3. It is of 3 types of which one type is Nematocyst.
      β–’ Coral reef formation:
      Q1.
      Coral reef is formed by
      πŸ“…IOM 2013
      Q2.
      Coral reef is formed by
      πŸ“…IOM 2013
      β–’ Classification:
      Characters
      Hydrozoa (Water)
      Scyphozoa (Cup shaped Medusa)
      Anthozoa (Flower shaped)
      Habitat
      Few fresh water and most are marine
      Marine
      Marine
      Zooids
      Both Polyp and Medusa. In Hydra only Polyp. In Obelia both Polyp and Medusa are present (So Metagenesis)
      Medusa
      Polyp
      Mesogloea
      Thin (Dominant) Without chamber
      Thick Without chamber
      Thin Chambered
      Metagenesis
      Yes (Both Polyp and Medusa form of zooid present in their life cycle)
      No
      No
      Polymorphism
      Yes. E.g.: Physalia (Portuguese man of war):
      No
      Examples
      1. Hydra
        2. Image 1
      2. Obelia (Sea fur)
        3. Image 1
        β—ˆ Key: Metagenesis
      3. Physalia (Portuguese man of war)
        4. Image 1
        β—ˆ Key: Polymorphism
      4. Velella (Little sail)
        5. Image 1
      5. Porpita (Blue button)
        6. Image 1
      6. Mililipora (Fire coral)
        7. Image 1
      7. Bougainvilla (a plant also with same name)
        8. Image 1
      1. Aurelia (Jellyfish)
        • β€’
          Aurelia is Bioluminiscent.
        Image 1
      1. Metridium (Sea anemone)
        2. Image 1
      2. Adamsia (Sea anemone)
        3. Image 1
      3. Alcyonium (Dead man's finger)
        4. Image 1
      4. Gorgonia (Sea fan)
        5. Image 1
      5. Pennatula (Sea pen/ Sea feather)
        6. Image 1
      6. Fungia (Mushroom coral)
        7. Image 1
      7. Heliopora (Blue coral)
        8. Image 1
      8. Astraea (Star coral)
        9. Image 1
      9. Madrepora (Horny coral)
        10. Image 1
      10. Tubipora (Organ pipe coral)
        11. Image 1
      11. Corallium (Precious Red coral/ Coral stone)
        12. Image 1
      12. Meandrina (Brain coral)
        13. Image 1
      13. Virgularia (Walking stick)
        14. Image 1
      14. Charybdaea (Sea wasp)
        15. Image 1
      Q1.
      Scyphozoan medusa is more commonly known as
      πŸ“…IE 2002
      Q2.
      In which class Jellyfish is found?
      πŸ“…BPKIHS 2013β€’BPKIHS 2014
      Q3.
      Which is a coelenterate
      Q4.
      Which group does not contain polyp
      Q5.
      The generic name of common jellyfish is
      Q6.
      Sea anemone belongs to the class
      Q7.
      Organ pipe coral is
      Q8.
      Gastrovascular cavity is divided into compartments in
      Q9.
      Only asexual polyp stage occurs in
      Q10.
      Which one of these is cnidarian?
      Q11.
      Which one of these is cnidarian?
      πŸ“š
      HEADING
        β—‰ type: heading
        β—‰ title:
        β—‰ content: Heading is the first one to be put here.
        β—‰ level: 1