📚
HISTORY
▢ Important Scientists:
Table 1: History of genetics
Scientist | Title / Contribution |
|---|---|
G. J. Mendel | Father of genetics |
William Bateson | ◉ Points:
|
T. H. Morgan | ◉ Points:
|
Johannsen | Coined terms: gene, genotype, phenotype, pure line |
H. J. Muller | Father of actinobiology; first induced mutation in Drosophila using X-ray |
▢ Terms Coined:
Table 1: Scientists and terms
Scientist | Terms |
|---|---|
William Bateson | ◉ Terms:
|
Johannsen | ◉ Terms:
|
📚
INTRODUCTION
▢ Genetics: Study of heredity + variation
▢ Heredity: Transmission of similar characters through successive generations
▢ Materials for Study of Genetics:
Table 1: Best materials for genetics study
Rank | Material | Note |
|---|---|---|
First best | Drosophila | Best for study of principles of genetics |
Second best | Neurospora | Drosophila of plant kingdom |
▢ MCQ Point:
▢ Phenotype and Genotype:
❖ Phenotype:
- •Any distinguishable character possessed by individual/organism
- •Not all phenotypes are visible
- •Some require special tests
❖ Examples of Non-visible Phenotype:
- •ABO blood group
- •IQ
- •RQ
❖ Phenotype MCQ:
▢ Homozygous and Heterozygous Individual:
Table 1: Homozygous vs heterozygous
Feature | Homozygous individual | Heterozygous individual |
|---|---|---|
Alleles | Identical alleles/factors on homologous chromosomes | Two contrasting alleles/factors on homologous chromosomes |
Breeding | Self-breeding → same character offspring | Does not breed true on self-fertilization |
Purity | Pure | Hybrid for that character |
Types | ◉ Types:
| Example → Tt |
▢ Key Terms:
Table 1: Basic genetic terms
Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
Hemizygous | Human male for X-linked traits e.g., haemophilia, colour blindness |
Genome | Total chromosomes/genes present in haploid cell |
Gene pool | Total genes present in a population |
Gene frequency | Percentage of a particular gene in gene pool |
Pure line | Homozygous individuals of a particular character |
Selfing | Method used by Mendel to produce pure line of Pisum sativum |
Q1.
The segregation ratio in F_2 generation for Mendel dihybrid cross is: [MOE 2008, 2055, I.E. 2004, IOM 1998]
📅MOE 2008, 2055, I.E. 2004, IOM 1998
Q2.
The distance between two adjacent nitrogen bases of DNA is: [IOM 2005]
📅IOM 2005
Q3.
The fundamental unit which is responsible for producing one polypeptide chain is: [MOE-2063]
📅MOE-2063
Q4.
RNA is concerned with: [MOE-2062, 2055]
📅MOE-2062, 2055
Q5.
A cross between F1 hybrid and the recessive parent is: [MOE-2060, IOM 1998]
📅MOE-2060, IOM 1998
Q6.
Theory of mutation is given by: [MOE-2003]
📅MOE-2003
Q7.
Which is true about mutation? [MOE-2002]
📅MOE-2002
Q8.
Hybrids between 'red flowered' and 'white flowered' strains were crossed back to the pure 'red flowered' strain. The progeny of this cross had: [MOE-2058, 2056, 2054]
📅MOE-2058, 2056, 2054
Q9.
Gene mutation takes place in: [MOE-2057]
📅MOE-2057
Q10.
In DNA molecule, base pair is: [MOE 2056]
📅MOE 2056
Q11.
The genetic cross between pure red and pure white genes produce: [MOE-2055]
📅MOE-2055
Q12.
DNA in which nitrogen base is paired as: [MOE-1997]
📅MOE-1997
Q13.
Red and white flowers are crossed, offsprings are all red and this red flower is crossed with white flowers then F2 generation will be: [MOE]
📅MOE
Q14.
In the process of crossing over, the separated chromatid segments are united by: [BPKIHS 1994]
📅BPKIHS 1994
Q15.
Smallest unit of mutation is [BPKIHS 1996]
📅BPKIHS 1996
Q16.
If TAG CTA GCT ACG are the triplets of DNA, the codons of m-RNA will be: [BPKIHS 1996]
📅BPKIHS 1996
Q17.
The number of chromosomes in Drosophila is: [BPKIHS 1997]
📅BPKIHS 1997
Q18.
Genetic information is carried by long chain molecules made up of: [BPKIHS 1997]
📅BPKIHS 1997
Q19.
If a haemophilic man marries a normal women, the chance of their sons being haemophilic [BPKIHS 1997]
📅BPKIHS 1997
Q20.
The disease present only in female foetus is: [BPKIHS 1998]
📅BPKIHS 1998
Q21.
In the garden pea experiment, Mendel used: [BPKIHS 1998]
📅BPKIHS 1998
Q22.
In Operon view, an operator gene combines with: [BPKIHS 1998]
📅BPKIHS 1998
Q23.
A colour blind father marries a mother whose father was colour blind. The resulting progeny is: [BPKIHS 1998]
📅BPKIHS 1998
Q24.
The segment of DNA which directs protein synthesis [BPKIHS 1999]
📅BPKIHS 1999
Q25.
If a tall plant Pisum sativum with red flower crossed with dwarf plant with white flower. How many plants are tall with white flower in F2 generation? [IOM 2002]
📅IOM 2002
Q26.
Codon is contained in: [IOM 2004]
📅IOM 2004
Q27.
What is present instead of Thymine in RNA? [IOM 1998]
📅IOM 1998
Q28.
DNA is building blocks of [IE - 2009]
📅IE - 2009
Q29.
A short length of DNA molecule contains 120 adenine and 120 cytosine bases. The total no. of nucleotides in this DNA fragment is: [IOM 1998]
📅IOM 1998
Q30.
Which of the following should be avoided while marriage: [IOM 1997]
📅IOM 1997
Q31.
If a colour blind woman marries a normal man, their children will be:
Q32.
The RNA molecule is synthesized from a single stranded DNA by the process of: [IOM 1997]
📅IOM 1997
Q33.
Mendel was successful in formulating the law of inheritance whereas his predecessors were not because: [IOM 1996]
📅IOM 1996
Q34.
A colorblind women marries with a normal man. The progeny will be: [IOM 1996]
📅IOM 1996
Q35.
Identical twins are produced by fertilization of: [BPKIHS 2000, 2001]
📅BPKIHS 2000, 2001
Q36.
How many amino acids are coded by 64 codons? [BPKIHS 2001]
📅BPKIHS 2001
Q37.
The process in which m-RNA codes for protein is: [BPKIHS 2001]
📅BPKIHS 2001
Q38.
When an albino plant is crossed with a normal plant, the resulting offspring is normal because: [BPKIHS 2001]
📅BPKIHS 2001
Q39.
DNA has which sugar in it: [BPKIHS 2001]
📅BPKIHS 2001
Q40.
The most widely used method for prenatal detection of genetic disorders is: [BPKIHS 2001]
📅BPKIHS 2001
Q41.
Which is wrong? [BPKIHS 2002]
📅BPKIHS 2002
Q42.
What is sticky ends? [BPKIHS 2002]
📅BPKIHS 2002
Q43.
Phenotype refers to: [BPKIHS 2002]
📅BPKIHS 2002
Q44.
Which is wrong? [BPKIHS 2002)
📅BPKIHS 2002)
Q45.
Which is not true about phenylketonuria? [BPKIHS 2002]
📅BPKIHS 2002
Q46.
True about human karyotyping: [BPKIHS 2003]
📅BPKIHS 2003
Q47.
A man with brown eyes and dark hair (whose father was blue eyed) marries a women with blue eyes and dark curly hair (whose mother was red straight haired). They have four children what is the genotype of children: [BPKIHS 2004]
📅BPKIHS 2004
Q48.
Okazaki segments are [BPKIHS 2005]
📅BPKIHS 2005
Q49.
Which of the following acts as codon? [BPKIHS 2005]
📅BPKIHS 2005
Q50.
Which of the following terms represents the genes of contrasting expression of the same genetic trait? [BPKIHS 2007]
📅BPKIHS 2007
Q51.
Codon is: [BPKIHS 2007]
📅BPKIHS 2007
Q52.
DNA polymerase is required for the synthesis of? [BPKIHS 2007]
📅BPKIHS 2007
Q53.
Which among the following is known as "jumping genes" ?
📅BPKIHS 2007
Q54.
The probability of obtaining AaBbCc offsprings in the cross of AABbCc and aaBBcc is: [IE - 2001]
📅IE - 2001
Q55.
The collection of molecules inside a cell is known as: [IE - 2001]
📅IE - 2001
Q56.
In general independent assortment of chromosomes in cell with n pairs of chromosomes yields how many different kinds of gametes? [IE - 2002]
📅IE - 2002
Q57.
The male chromosome of ant, bees & wasp is represented by [IE - 2002]
📅IE - 2002
Q58.
In DNA, cytosine have same no. as that of [IE -2002]
📅IE -2002
Q59.
Down's syndrome is an example of: [IE -2002]
📅IE -2002
Q60.
The enzymes which unwind the strands of DNA helix are called: [IE - 2002]
📅IE - 2002
Q61.
The disease caused by pleiotropic gene is: [IE -2002]
📅IE -2002
Q62.
The eukaryotic chromosomes differ from bacterial chromosomes in the presence of: [IE - 2002]
📅IE - 2002
Q63.
In mendels experiment, he selected a pair of alleles for the tall and dwarf plants and a pair alleles for the round and wrinkled seeds. How many kinds of eggs the dwarf plant? [IE - 2002)
📅IE - 2002)
Q64.
Satellite DNA is [IE - 2003)
📅IE - 2003)
Q65.
Which of the following crosses would produce genotype ratio of 1:2:1 in F2? [IE - 2003]
📅IE - 2003
Q66.
Down's syndrome is due to [IE - 2003]
📅IE - 2003
Q67.
A good vector in genetic engineering is [IE -2003]
📅IE -2003
Q68.
Smallest segment of genetic material affected by mutation is: [IE - 2004]
📅IE - 2004
Q69.
Nitrogenous bases in DNA are at a distance of [IE -2005]
📅IE -2005
Q70.
Transcription means [E - 2000]
📅E - 2000
Q71.
In DNA replication Okazaki fragments are Joined together by:
Q72.
The recessive gene that always produces its effect [IE 2006]
📅IE 2006
Q73.
Genes not located within nucleus are present in
Q74.
In recombinant DNA technology, plasmid vector must be cleaved by:
📅[IE - 2008]
Q75.
The syndrome in humans in which an individual somatic cells contain the 3 sex chromosomes XXX is: [IE - 2007]
📅IE - 2007
Q76.
Dihybrid cross is related to: [IE - 2008]
📅IE - 2008
Q77.
Kleinfelter's syndrome is:
Q78.
Down's syndrome in human beings is due to [IE -2005]
📅IE -2005
Q79.
The phenomenon in which a gene controls more than one trait is: [IE -2001]
📅IE -2001
Q80.
Theory of continuity of germplasm was put forward by: [MOE 2010]
📅MOE 2010
Q81.
In DNA, adenine combines with [BPKIHS - 2016]
📅BPKIHS - 2016
Q82.
In human syndrome in which there is XXY chromosome in body [BPKIHS - 2016]
📅BPKIHS - 2016
Q83.
Sex - linked disease is [BPKIHS - 2016]
📅BPKIHS - 2016
Q84.
Non - sense codon [BPKIHS - 2016]
📅BPKIHS - 2016
Q85.
Haemophilia is caused due to deficiency of clotting factor? [BPKIHS 2014]
📅BPKIHS 2014
Q86.
Transposons are [BPKIHS- 2014]
📅BPKIHS- 2014
Q87.
ABO blood group is an example of [BPKIHS - 2013]
📅BPKIHS - 2013
Q88.
2n + 1 chromosome are found in [BPKIHS - 2013]
📅BPKIHS - 2013
Q89.
The function of RNA polymerase in transcription is [BPKIHS - 2013]
📅BPKIHS - 2013
Q90.
Cross done to study a single character between 2 hybrids is called [BPKIHS - 2013]
📅BPKIHS - 2013
Q91.
When two hybrid tall plants are crossed, then % of dwarf plant is: [BPKIHS - 2013]
📅BPKIHS - 2013
Q92.
Adenine pairs with what in DNA [BPKIHS - 2012]
📅BPKIHS - 2012
Q93.
XXY chromosome is [BPKIHS - 2012]
📅BPKIHS - 2012
Q94.
If the haploid condition in plant has 7 number of chromosomes in its octaploid will be [BPKIHS 2011]
📅BPKIHS 2011
Q95.
Mendelian factors is segregated during [BPKIHS - 2011]
📅BPKIHS - 2011
Q96.
If the character of a gene is suppressed by the another non - allelic gene, then the suppressed gene, can be termed as [BPKIHS - 2011]
📅BPKIHS - 2011
Q97.
Webbed neck is found in syndrome? [BPKIHS - 2011]
📅BPKIHS - 2011
Q98.
The condition of gynaecomastism is due to genetic disorder called Klinfelter's syndrome in which the heterosome consists of: [BPKIHS - 2011]
📅BPKIHS - 2011
Q99.
β-DNA has its diameter of size [BPKIHS - 2010]
📅BPKIHS - 2010
Q100.
Karyology deals with [BPKIHS 2011]
📅BPKIHS 2011
Q101.
Genetic recombination is due to [BPKIHS - 2010]
📅BPKIHS - 2010
Q102.
Barr bodies is present in [BPKIHS - 2010]
📅BPKIHS - 2010
Q103.
How many autosomes are present in human [BPKIHS - 2013]
📅BPKIHS - 2013
Q104.
'One gene one enzyme' is discovered from [BPKIHS - 2013)
📅BPKIHS - 2013)
Q105.
The first evidence of DNA as a genetic material is [IOM-2016]
📅IOM-2016
Q106.
Down's syndrome is [IOM-2016]
📅IOM-2016
Q107.
Which one is characteristic sugar of DNA? [IOM-2013]
📅IOM-2013
Q108.
Nucleic acid is polymer of [IOM-2013]
📅IOM-2013
Q109.
DNA is genetic material because [IOM-2012]
📅IOM-2012
Q110.
In RNA, uracil is present instead of [IOM-2012]
📅IOM-2012
Q111.
Test cross is cross between [MOE 2014]
📅MOE 2014
Q112.
Which of the following enzyme is also called molecular scissors? [MOE 2014]
📅MOE 2014
Q113.
One of the examples of sex-linked trait is [MOE 2014]
📅MOE 2014
Q114.
Which one is a sex linked disease? [MOE 2012]
📅MOE 2012
Q115.
What is the phenotypic proportion of dihybrid cross [MOE 2068]
📅MOE 2068
Q116.
Pentose sugar is [MOE 2060]
📅MOE 2060
Q117.
An exception of Mendel's law is [MOE 2060]
📅MOE 2060
Q118.
When a dihybrid ratio is obtained in a ratio of 1:4:6:4:1 instead of 9:3:3:1, it represents [MOE 2010]
📅MOE 2010
Q119.
Pair of contrasting character is known as [MOE 201)
📅MOE 201)
Q120.
Duplication of RNA on DNA template is [MOE 2010]
📅MOE 2010
Q121.
Nucleic acid is [MOE 2010]
📅MOE 2010