26Pteridophyta

📚
GENERAL CHARACTERS
Position: 1st vascular land plant
Main Plant Body: Diploid \((2n)\) + sporophytic
Spore Condition:
  • Homosporous
  • Heterosporous
Common Names:
  • Reptiles of plant kingdom
  • Botanical snakes
📚
VASCULAR BUNDLE

Table 1: Vascular Features

Feature
Status
Note
Cambium
Absent
Secondary growth absent
Exception
Isoetes
Secondary growth present
Phloem companion cell
Absent
-
Sieve tube
Absent
-
Sieve cell
Present
-
📚
HABITAT
General Habitat: Land
Aquatic Exceptions:

Table 1: Aquatic Pteridophytes

Plant
Important Points
Azolla
  • Smallest pteridophyte
  • Leaf → biofertilizer
Marsilea
Aquatic pteridophyte
Salvinia
Rootless pteridophyte
📚
SIZE
General: Small herb-like plants
Exceptions:

Table 1: Large Pteridophytes

Plant
Feature
Alsophila
Largest / tallest pteridophyte
Cyathea
Tree fern
📚
PLANT BODY DIFFERENTIATION
Root:
  • Generally adventitious
Stem:
  • Usually underground rhizome
Root-like Terms:

Table 1: Rhizo- Terms

Term
Meaning
Found In
Rhizomorph
Root-like absorptive structure
Fungi
Rhizines
Root-like anchoring structure
Lichen
Rhizoid
Root-like structure
Bryophyta
Rhizophore
Axis between root and stem
Selaginella
Rhizophore Note:
  • Organ of sui generis
  • Sui generis → unique / one of its own kind
Leaf:

Table 1: Leaf Types

Leaf Type
Function
Tropophyll
Photosynthetic leaf
Sporophyll
Spore-producing leaf
Sporophyll:
  • Contains sporangium
Sporangium Types:

Table 1: Leptosporangiate vs Eusporangiate

Feature
Leptosporangiate
Eusporangiate
Origin
Single initial cell
Group of cells
Evolution
Advanced
Primitive
Examples
  • Dryopteris
  • Pteris
  • Azolla
  • Selaginella
  • Equisetum
  • Marsilea
  • Lycopodium
📚
CLASSIFICATION

Table 1: Classes of Pteridophyta

Class
Spore Condition
Examples
Important Points
Psilopsida
Homosporous
  • Rhynia
  • Psilotum
  • Rhynia → 1st vascular plant
  • Rhynia → fossil form only
  • Psilotum → living member
Lycopsida
Homosporous / Heterosporous
  • Lycopodium
  • Selaginella
  • Lycopodium → club moss
  • Selaginella → spike moss
  • Selaginella → bird nest moss
  • Selaginella → resurrection plant
  • Selaginella → Sanjivani buti
Sphenopsida
Homosporous
  • Equisetum
  • Equisetum → horsetail
Pteriopsida / Filicopsida / Filicinae / Ferns
Homosporous / Heterosporous
  • Dryopteris
  • Pteris
  • Adiantum caudatum
  • Pteris → maidenhair fern
  • Adiantum caudatum → walking fern
Q1.
In Pteridium circinate-vernation is found in [MOE 2008]
📅MOE 2008
Q2.
Which structure protects a group of sporangium in a fern:  [MOE 2063)
📅MOE 2063)
Q3.
Gametophyte of fern is [MOE 2002, 2057]
📅MOE 2002, 2057
Q4.
Male gamete in fern is:  [MOE 2055]
📅MOE 2055
Q5.
Frond is the name of leaves of:  [IOM 2003]
📅IOM 2003
Q6.
The vascular cryptogam is: [IOM 2002]
📅IOM 2002
Q7.
Sporangia in fern are found in:  [IOM 2000]
📅IOM 2000
Q8.
Stele in fern is: [IOM 1999]
📅IOM 1999
Q9.
A plant which has vascular tissue but lacks seed is placed in: [IOM 1999]
📅IOM 1999
Q10.
Another name of alternation of generation is: [BPKIHS 2000]
📅BPKIHS 2000
Q11.
Which is not true about alternation of generation? [BPKIHS 2003]
📅BPKIHS 2003
Q12.
Stele lacking pith is called: [BPKIHS 2005]
📅BPKIHS 2005
Q13.
Which of the following is called Resurrection plant? [BPKIHS 200
Q14.
Sporangium developed from a group of cells is called: [BPKIHS 2005]
📅BPKIHS 2005
Q15.
Ferns differ from moss in having:  [IE - 2001]
📅IE - 2001
Q16.
In Selaginella, ligule is found at  [BPKIHS - 2014]
📅BPKIHS - 2014
Q17.
Pteridophytes differ from bryophytes in respect of  [BPKIHS - 2012]
📅BPKIHS - 2012
Q18.
Pteridophytes differ from bryophytes in possessing [IOM-2013)
📅IOM-2013)
Q19.
Vascular cryptogams is  [IOM-2015)
📅IOM-2015)
Q20.
In fern, which of the following cell is binucleate? [MOE 2014)
📅MOE 2014)
Q21.
Which one of the following groups of plant shows independent alternation of generation? [MOE 2013]
📅MOE 2013
Q22.
Which group is called vascular cryptogam? [MOE 2013]
📅MOE 2013
Q23.
Apogamous sporophytes formed in ferns are [MOE 2012]
📅MOE 2012
Q24.
Gametangia of fern are produced on the [MOE 2068]
📅MOE 2068
Q25.
Antherozoids of Pteridum are [MOE 2010]
📅MOE 2010